This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Neural Computing for Advanced Applications, NCAA 2024, held in Guilin, China, during July 5–7, 2024. The 89 revised full papers presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 227 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections:Part I: Neural network (NN) theory, NN-based control systems, neuro-system integration and engineering applications; Computer vision, and their engineering applications. Part II: Computational intelligence, nature-inspired optimizers, their engineering applications, and benchmarks. Part III: Natural language processing, knowledge graphs, recommender systems, multimodal Deep Learning, and their applications; Fault diagnosis and forecasting, prognostic management, Time-series analysis, and cyber-physical system security.