This concise text on biologically active substances of the food, pharmaceutical and agricultural industries presents data on natural compounds of vegetable and animal origin. Various nutrients in food, phytochemicals and zoochemicals are discussed, including their uses for prophylactic, metaphylactic and therapeutic purposes in personalized medicine. Along with these compounds, prebiotics isolated by biotechnological methods from plant tissues are reviewed, with the aim of obtaining compounds with an oligoglucide structure. Metabolism of nutrients and the biodegradation of xenobiotics are hot topics and access routes into the human body for the various biologically active substances are covered. Features:Biologically active substances and related chemistry, biochemistry and agrochemistry data are rigorously discussedData regarding natural compounds of vegetable origin detected from plants present in the spontaneous flora and plants obtained in agricultural crops (medicinal plants, aromatic plants and more) are presentedDiscusses the natural compounds of animal origin detected in the organisms of some terrestrial and aquatic animalsCovers prebiotics isolated by technological and biotechnological methods from plant tissues, with the aim of obtaining compounds with oligoglucide structureBroad audience including all those in biochemistry, the food and pharmaceutical industries and agricultural fields