As the global population surges, the challenge of feeding the world becomes increasingly urgent. Meeting this demand requires doubling crop yields and delivering safe, nutritious, and affordable food, but current agricultural practices fall short in combating malnutrition, climate change impacts, and the decline in food diversity. Next-Generation Food Crops for Human Health delves into the advances in genetic and genomic research that are revolutionizing the development of productive, nutrient-dense food crops. It presents insights into tools including high-throughput phenomics, DNA sequencing, and genomic selection, which enable scientists to discover functionally characterized genes and enhance staple crops, such as grains, legumes, fruits, vegetables, and oil crops. By leveraging these technologies, researchers are creating a new generation of foods that optimize essential nutrients, from complex carbohydrates and proteins to vitamins and bioactive compounds. A volume in the Nextgen Agriculture: Novel Concepts and Innovative Strategies series, this book is valuable to graduate and postgraduate students, postdoctoral researchers, and policymakers working toward improving nutritional security worldwide.